What is an Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

An Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is best understood as a numerical value that reflects a person's reasoning ability in relation to age-based norms. This means that the score is calculated based on various standardized tests designed to measure cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, pattern recognition, and logical thinking. The average IQ score is set at 100, and scores are adjusted so that they fit a normal distribution across the population.

The focus on reasoning ability indicates that IQ tests primarily assess cognitive functions rather than other forms of intelligence, such as emotional intelligence or specific talents. While some may correlate higher IQ scores with better academic performance or leadership potential, those are not the direct measures of what IQ signifies. Instead, IQ is a specific metric used to gauge intellectual capabilities relative to others within the same age group.