What type of management includes branch and plant managers?

The correct choice refers to middle management, which encompasses managers who oversee the operational activities of an organization. Middle managers are critical in linking the strategic goals set by top management with the day-to-day operations handled at the operational level. Branch and plant managers, who supervise local units or specific operational facilities, fall under this category as they are responsible for ensuring that their teams meet organizational objectives while adhering to the plans established by upper management.

By translating higher-level strategy into actionable tasks and managing team performance, middle management plays a vital role in executing business strategies effectively. They serve as a crucial communication bridge, facilitating information flow both upwards to top management and downwards to operational staff. This managerial tier is essential in organizing resources, addressing personnel needs, and making operational decisions that align with corporate policies and goals.