Which communication style uses indirect methods to express needs?

The passive-aggressive communication style is characterized by an indirect approach to expressing needs and feelings. Individuals who exhibit this style often feel uncomfortable with direct confrontation, which leads them to communicate their dissatisfaction or needs in subtle, indirect ways. This might manifest through sarcasm, backhanded compliments, or intentionally procrastinating tasks to express discontent without openly addressing the core issue.

Using a passive-aggressive style can create confusion and misunderstandings, as the person may not articulate their needs clearly. They might appear agreeable on the surface while harboring resentment or frustration beneath, leading to a lack of genuine communication.

In contrast, the assertive communication style is direct and clear, expressing needs openly and respectfully. The passive communication style tends to involve avoidance of conflict altogether, where individuals might not express their needs and instead prioritize others' desires. Lastly, a clear and direct communication style relates more to straightforward expression, which is not indicative of the indirect methods characteristic of passive-aggressive communication.