Which of the following is not a responsibility of lower-level managers?

Lower-level managers primarily focus on the operational aspects of an organization. Their responsibilities typically include overseeing day-to-day operations, managing team performance, and coordinating specific work activities to ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively.

Strategic planning, which involves setting long-term goals and defining the overall direction of the organization, is generally the domain of higher-level management, such as top executives. These leaders are responsible for envisioning the future and establishing the necessary strategies for achieving the organization's long-term objectives. Consequently, lower-level managers do not engage in strategic planning as part of their primary responsibilities; instead, they implement the strategies set forth by upper management and ensure that their teams work towards achieving these goals.